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1.
Rev. ANACEM (Impresa) ; 16(2): 69-73, 2022. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1525869

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La salud visual es de vital importancia para el individuo, habiendo una mayor incidencia de oftalmopatías sobre los 50 años. Pese a su impacto sanitario, Chile carece de estudios epidemiológicos suficientes. La gran variabilidad de sus presentaciones hace importante conocer cuales ameritan el tratamiento intrahospitalario. Objetivo: Describir las principales causas de egresos hospitalarios por enfermedades del ojo y sus anexos en el Hospital Regional Guillermo Grant Benavente entre los años 2018 y 2021. Materiales y métodos: Estudio ecológico que analizó 1764 egresos hospitalarios por enfermedades del ojo y sus anexos del Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente entre los años 2018 y 2021. Los datos corresponden al Departamento de Estadísticas e Información en Salud (DEIS). Resultados: Las patologías más prevalentes fueron: Trastornos De La Coroides Y De La Retina (33%) (TCR) Trastornos Del Cristalino (14,7%), Trastornos De La Esclerótica, Córnea, Iris Y Cuerpo Ciliar (10,2). Trastornos Del Párpado, Aparato Lagrimal Y Órbita (12,7%) (TPAO) Esta última con diferencias estadísticamente significativas para el sexo. Conclusión: Se ve una disminución de la atención hospitalaria desde el año 2020 debido a la pandemia del virus SARS-COV-2. No hay diferencias por sexo, excepto para la TPAO, similar a lo visto en la literatura. La acumulación de oftalmopatías en el rango de población adulta y adulta mayor, refleja un envejecimiento poblacional. Se reconoce además a los TCR como la patología con mayor incidencia. El estudio contribuye a la epidemiologia local, aportando a la falta de conocimientos actualizados, describiendo los diagnósticos más frecuentes de la especialidad.


Introduction: Eye care is vital for the individual, with a higher incidence of ophthalmopathy over 50 years. Despite its health impact, Chile lacks sufficient epidemiological studies. The great variability of their presentations makes it important to know which ones merit in-hospital treatment. Objective: To describe the main causes of hospital discharges for eye diseases and its adnexa at the Guillermo Grant Benavente Regional Hospital between 2018 and 2021. Material and methods: An ecological descriptive study that analyzed 1,764 hospital discharges for eye diseases and its adnexa from the Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente between the years 2018 and 2021. The data corresponds to the Department of Statistics and Health Information (DEIS). Results: The most prevalent pathologies were: Disorders of the Choroid and Retina (33%) (TCR), Disorders of the Lens (14.7%), Disorders of the Sclera, Cornea, Iris, and Ciliary Body (10.2). Disorders of the Eyelid, Lacrimal Apparatus and Orbit (12.7%) (TPAO) The latter with statistically significant differences for sex. Conclusion: A decrease in hospital care is seen since 2020 due to the SARS-COV-2 virus pandemic. There are no differences by sex, except for PPAO, similar to what has been seen in the literature. The accumulation of ophthalmopathy in the range of the adult population and older adults, reflects an aging population. TCR is also recognized as the pathology with the highest incidence. The study contributes to the local epidemiology and the lack of updated knowledge, describing the most frequent diagnoses of the specialty.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Eye Diseases/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Retinal Diseases/epidemiology , Choroid Diseases/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Age and Sex Distribution , Ecological Studies , Lens Diseases/epidemiology
2.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 19: eGS6616, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350694

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate trends in terms of number and cost of intravitreal injection, photocoagulation and panphotocoagulation procedures performed by the Brazilian Public Health System, from 2010 to 2019. Methods: The Brazilian Public Health System Database was used as the primary source of data. Intravitreal injection, photocoagulation and panphotocoagulation procedures performed from 2010 to 2019 were investigated. Procedure prevalence and cost trends were analyzed according to year and region. Annual trends were examined using generalized linear models, with a significance level of 5% (p=0.05). Results: There was a significant increase in the prevalence of intravitreal injections (1,088%), panphotocoagulation (51%) and photocoagulation (37%) procedures from 2010 to 2019. Intravitreal injections accounted for the most significant increase. However, costs were not significantly readjusted over the years. Conclusion: Over a 10-year period, there was a significant increase in the number of procedures associated with retinal disorders. Procedure costs saw little readjustments over time. In spite of limitations, inaccuracies and lack of details, the Brazilian Public Health System Database is the primary source of data for the Public Health System related research in Brazil, and can contribute with information on ocular health and costs of ophthalmic procedures.


RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar as tendências dos números e dos custos dos procedimentos de injeção intravítrea, fotocoagulação e panfotocoagulação realizados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro, no período de 2010 a 2019. Métodos: Foram extraídos dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde acerca dos atendimentos associados aos procedimentos de injeção intravítrea, fotocoagulação e panfotocoagulação, realizados de 2010 a 2019. A prevalência de procedimentos e os custos foram analisados por ano e por região de atendimento. As tendências ao longo dos anos foram avaliadas por meio de modelos lineares generalizados. Valores de p=0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significantes. Resultados: Em relação aos procedimentos específicos, houve aumento nas frequências de injeção intravítrea (1.088%), panfotocoagulação (51%) e fotocoagulação (37%), no comparativo de 2010 a 2019. A injeção intravítrea foi o procedimento que apresentou maior crescimento ao longo dos anos, porém não houve reajuste de custo significativo durante o período estudado. Conclusão: Ao longo de 10 anos, houve aumento significativo do número de atendimentos associados aos tratamentos de distúrbios da retina. Os custos relacionados aos procedimentos mostraram pouco reajuste ao longo dos anos. Embora o Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde apresente algumas limitações, como imprecisões e falta de detalhamento em alguns procedimentos, esta é a ferramenta de dados disponível no Brasil para o acesso a pesquisa relacionada ao Sistema Único de Saúde e pode contribuir com informações da saúde ocular e os custos dos procedimentos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Retinal Diseases/therapy , Retinal Diseases/epidemiology , Public Health , Brazil/epidemiology , Intravitreal Injections
3.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 79(2): 118-121, Mar.-Apr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1137935

ABSTRACT

Abstract Purpose: This article aims to describe the prevalence of retinal alterations on the indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy exam in patients with sickle cell disease (HbSS or HbSC) who are over 40 years of age. Methods: This is a retrospective study in which patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) with an age group of 40 years or older were attended in a service of retina in Salvador, Brasil on the last 10 years. All patients were submitted to the clinical file filling, which includes the sociodemographic profile, clinical profile and ophthalmologic examination. The patients were divided in two groups (SS or SC), according to genotypic profile of hemoglobinopathy (HbSS or HbSC). The classification of retinopathy was performed according to Goldberg in proliferative and non-proliferative retinopathy. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 97 patients (194 eyes) were evaluated, being 44 (45%) of the SC group and 53 (55%) of the SS group. Of the 97 patients, 19 (19.5%) did not present retinal changes and 78 (80,5%) present sickle cell retinopathy. Of the 78 patients with retinopathy, 22 (28%) had nonproliferative sickle retinopathy and 56 (72%) had proliferative alterations. The increase in vascular tortuosity was the most observed nonproliferative sign (26.8% of eyes) in both groups. The SC patients presented a greater proportion of findings of areas of retinal non perfusion (30%) than SS patients (p = 0.015). Conclusion: The results suggest the need for regular ophthalmologic follow-up of patients with SCD, especially in the older age group, due to the high prevalence of 80.5% of findings of sickle cell retinopathy on examination in patients over 40 years old.


Resumo Objetivos: Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de alterações retinianas observadas pelo exame de oftalmoscopia binocular indireta em pacientes com doença falciforme (HbSS e HbSC) com mais de 40 anos de idade. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo com pacientes com doença falciforme (DF) na faixa etária acima de 40 anos, atendidos em serviço especializado em Salvador, Brasil nos últimos 10 anos. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos ao preenchimento da ficha clínica, em que incluía perfil sociodemográfico, clínico e exame oftalmológico. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos (SS ou SC), de acordo com seu padrão genotípico da hemoglobinopatia (HbSS ou HbSC). A classificação da retinopatia foi realizada de acordo com Goldberg em retinopatia não proliferativa e proliferativa. Um valor de p<0.05 foi considerado estatisticamente significante. Resultados: Um total de 97 pacientes (194 olhos) foram avaliados, sendo 44 (45%) do grupo SC e 53 (55%) do grupo SS. Dos 97 pacientes, 19 (19,5%) não apresentavam alterações retinianas e 78 (80,5%) apresentavam retinopatia falcêmica. Destes 78 pacientes com alterações retinianas, 22 (28%) possuem sinais de retinopatia não proliferativa e 56 (72%) possuem alterações proliferativas. O aumento da tortuosidade vascular foi o sinal de doença não proliferativa mais observado (26,8% dos olhos) em ambos os grupos. Os pacientes do grupo SC apresentaram a maior proporção de achados proliferativos, como áreas de não perfusão retiniana, que os pacientes SS (30%) (p = 0.015). Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de manter um acompanhamento oftalmológico regular dos pacientes com DF, especialmente pacientes com maior faixa etária, devido à alta prevalência observada (80,5%) de retinopatia falcêmica em pacientes acima de 40 anos de idade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Retinal Diseases/epidemiology , Hemoglobin SC Disease/epidemiology , Anemia, Sickle Cell/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies
4.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 82(1): 12-17, Jan.-Feb. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-973876

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the frequency of toxic retinopathy in patients with lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis with long-term use of chloroquine diphosphate or hydroxychloroquine through spectral domain optical coherence tomography and the outcomes of ophthalmological exams (visual acuity - Snellen's table, color vision test - Ishihara's table, fundoscopy, and retinography - red-free). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving the ophthalmologic evaluation of patients using regular chloroquine diphosphate or hydroxychloroquine for a period of 1 year or longer. The patients completed a questionnaire on their opinions and treatment regularity. The same patients underwent ophthalmologic examination and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Results: The prevalence of toxic retinopathy caused by antimalarials was 4.15% (9 of 217 patients), 7.4% (4 of 54 patients) following chloroquine diphosphate usage, and 0.82% (1 of 121 patients) following hydroxychloroquine usage. Only patients with advanced stage maculopathy presented abnormalities during the ophthalmologic exam: the color vision test was altered in 11.1%, and visual acuity and fundoscopy were altered in 33.3%. Identification of early toxic retinopathy, detected in six patients, was possible using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The mean duration of antimalarial drug usage among patients with toxic retinopathy was 10.4 years. Only 31% of the patients reported some symptoms during treatment, and although 24% were afraid to use the medication, they did so as prescribed. Conclusion: Use of spectral domain optical coherence tomography was essential for the diagnosis of early-stage antimalarial toxic retinopathy in patients with the following characteristics: asymptomatic, antimalarial use 7 days a week for a period of more than 5 years, and normal clinical ophthalmologic examination.


RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a frequência da retinopatia tóxica em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso e artrite reumatóide com uso crônico de difosfato de cloroquina ou hidroxicloroquina, através de tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral e os resultados dos exames oftalmológicos (acuidade visual - tabela de Snellen, teste de visão de cor - tabela de Ishihara, fundoscopia e retinografia - red free). Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal envolvendo a avaliação oftalmológica de pacientes em uso regular de difosfato de cloroquina ou hidroxicloroquina por um período de um ano ou mais. Os pacientes responderam a um questionário sobre a sua opinião e regularidade do tratamento. Os mesmos pacientes realizaram exame oftalmológico clínico e tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral. Resultados: A prevalência de retinopatia tóxica por antimaláricos foi de 4,15% (9 dos 217 pacientes), 7,4% (4 de 54 pacientes) após uso de difosfato de cloroquina e 0,82% (1 de 121 pacientes) após uso de hidroxicloroquina. Apenas os pacientes com maculopatia em fase avançada apresentaram alterações durante os exames clínicos: teste de visão de cores alterado em 11,1%, e a acuidade visual e fundoscopia foram alteradas em 33,3%. A identificação de retinopatia tóxica precoce, detectada em seis pacientes, foi possível por meio da tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral. A duração média do tempo de uso de drogas antimaláricas entre os pacientes com retinopatia tóxica foi de 10,4 anos. Apenas 31% dos pacientes relataram algum sintoma durante o tratamento e apesar de 24% terem medo de usar a medicação, eles o fizeram conforme prescrito. Conclusão: O uso da tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral foi essencial para o diagnóstico de retinopatia tóxica antimalárica em estágio inicial em pacientes com as seguintes características: uso assintomático, antimalárico 7 dias por semana por um período maior que cinco anos e exame oftalmológico clínico normal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Retinal Diseases/chemically induced , Retinal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Chloroquine/analogs & derivatives , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Hydroxychloroquine/adverse effects , Antimalarials/adverse effects , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Retinal Diseases/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Visual Acuity , Chloroquine/adverse effects , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Antirheumatic Agents/adverse effects , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy
5.
Medisan ; 21(5)mayo 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-841707

ABSTRACT

Se define la presencia del edema retiniano como un aumento de líquido a nivel histológico que provoca un engrosamiento de la retina. Asimismo, se exponen aspectos fundamentales del edema macular diabético, tales como patofisiología, clasificación, factores de riesgo epidemiológico, diagnóstico y tratamiento


The presence of the retinal edema is defined as an increase of liquid at histological level that causes swelling of the retina. Also, some fundamental aspects of the diabetic macular edema are exposed, such as pathophysiology, classification, epidemiologic risk factors, diagnosis and treatment


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Retinal Diseases/epidemiology , Macular Edema/physiopathology , Diabetic Retinopathy , Angiography , Risk Factors
6.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 13(4): 530-534, Oct.-Dec. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-770494

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To describe retinal diseases found in patients who were waiting for treatment at a tertiary care hospital in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Methods Patients underwent slit lamp biomicroscopy, dilated fundus exam and ocular ultrasound. Patients were classified according to phakic status and retinal disease of the most severely affected eye. Results A total of 138 patients were examined. The mean age was 51.3 years. Diabetes was present in 35.3% and hypertension in 45.4% of these patients. Cataract was found in 23.2% of patients, in at least one eye. Retinal examination was possible in 129 patients. The main retinal diseases identified were rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (n=23; 17.8%) and diabetic retinopathy (n=32; 24.8%). Out of 40 patients evaluated due to diabetes, 13 (32.5%) had absent or mild forms of diabetic retinopathy and did not need further treatment, only observation. Conclusion Diabetic retinopathy was the main retinal disease in this population. It is an avoidable cause of blindness and can be remotely evaluated, in its initial stages, by telemedicine strategies. In remote Brazilian areas, telemedicine may be an important tool for retinal diseases diagnosis and follow-up.


RESUMO Objetivo Descrever as doenças de retina encontradas em pacientes que aguardavam tratamento para doenças retinianas em um hospital terciário de Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil. Métodos Foi realizado um exame oftalmológico compreendendo biomicroscopia com lâmpada de fenda, mapeamento de retina e ultrassonografia ocular. Os pacientes foram classificados de acordo com o status fácico e a doença retiniana que acometia o olho de maior gravidade. Resultados Foram atendidos 138 pacientes. A média de idade foi de 51,3 anos. A distribuição de diabetes foi de 35,3% e de hipertensão arterial foi de 45,5%. Catarata esteve presente em pelo menos um dos olhos em 23,2%. Tiveram o exame da retina possibilitado 129 pacientes. As principais doenças retinianas detectadas foram descolamento de retina regmatogênico (n=23; 17,8%) e retinopatia diabética (n=32; 24,8%). Dos 40 pacientes avaliados em função do diabetes, 13 (32,5%) apresentavam retinopatia ausente ou estágios iniciais de retinopatia e necessitavam apenas de acompanhamento. Conclusão A principal doença retiniana foi a retinopatia diabética, uma causa de cegueira evitável que pode ser acompanhada à distância, nos estágios iniciais, por meio de estratégias de telemedicina. A telemedicina pode ser uma importante ferramenta no acompanhamento de doenças retinianas em localidades remotas no Brasil.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Diabetic Retinopathy/epidemiology , Fundus Oculi , Retinal Detachment/epidemiology , Tertiary Care Centers/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Cataract/epidemiology , Cities/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Eye , Hypertension/epidemiology , Refractive Errors/diagnosis , Retinal Diseases/epidemiology , Slit Lamp , Telemedicine
7.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 41(4): 661-668, July-Aug. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-763062

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACTPurpose:To assess whether retinal and central nervous system (CNS) comorbidities are risk factors for complications following robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP).Materials and Methods:A retrospective review of our RALP database identified 1868 patients who underwent RALP by a single surgeon between December 10, 2003-March 14, 2014. We hypothesized that patients with preexisting retinal or CNS comorbidities were at a greater risk of suffering retinal and CNS complications following RALP. Perioperative complications and risk of recurrence were graded using the Clavien and D'Amico systems, respectively.Results:40 (2.1%) patients had retinal or CNS-related comorbidities, of which 15 had a history of retinal surgery and 24 had a history of cerebrovascular accident, aneurysm and/or neurosurgery. One additional patient had a history of both retinal and CNS events.Patients with retinal or CNS comorbidities were significantly older, had elevated PSA levels and CCI (Charlson Comorbidity Index) scores than the control group. Blood loss, length of stay, surgical duration, BMI, diagnostic Gleason score and T-stage were not statistically different between groups.No retinal or CNS complications occurred in either group. The distribution of patients between D'Amico risk categories was not statistically different between the groups. There was also no difference in the incidence of total complications between the groups.Conclusions:RALP-associated retinal and CNS complications are rare. While our RALP database is large, the cohort of patients with retinal or CNS-related comorbidities was relatively small. Our dataset suggests retinal and CNS pathology presents no greater risk of suffering from perioperative complications following RALP.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Laparoscopy/methods , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Prostatectomy/adverse effects , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Robotic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Stroke/etiology , Comorbidity , Central Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology , Central Nervous System Diseases/etiology , Head-Down Tilt/adverse effects , Incidence , Operative Time , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/epidemiology , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/etiology , Perioperative Period , Prostatectomy/methods , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Retinal Diseases/epidemiology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Stroke/epidemiology
8.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 36(6): 396-401, dic. 2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-742269

ABSTRACT

This study describes the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and their incidence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were treated in the Colombian health system. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using information from all patients who were diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and attended specialized health care centers in the cities of Bogotá, Cali, Manizales, Medellin, and Pereira between 1 December 2009 and 30 August 2013. The ADRs were obtained from medical records and the pharmacovigilance system registry and sorted by frequency and affected tissue according to World Health Organization Adverse Reaction Terminology (WHO-ART). A total of 949 reports of ADRs were obtained from 419 patients (32.8 ADRs per 100 patient-years); these patients were from a cohort of 1 364 patients being treated for rheumatoid arthritis and followed up for an average of 23.8 months (± 12.9). The cohort was mostly female (366, 87.4%) and had a mean age of 52.7 years (± 13.1). The highest numbers of ADRs were reported following the use of tocilizumab, rituximab, and infliximab (28.8, 23.1, and 13.3 reports per 100 patient-years respectively). The most frequently reported ADRs were elevated transaminase levels and dyspepsia. Overall, 87.7% of ADRs were classified as type A, 36.6% as mild, 40.7% as moderate, and 22.7% as severe. As a result, 73.2% of patients who experienced an ADR stopped taking their drugs. The occurrence of ADRs in patients treated for rheumatoid arthritis is common, especially in those associated with the use of biotechnologically produced anti-rheumatic drugs. This outcome should be studied in future research and monitoring is needed to reduce the risks in these patients.


Este estudio describe las reacciones adversas a medicamentos (RAM) y su incidencia en pacientes con artritis reumatoide y tratados en el sistema de salud colombiano. Se llevó a cabo un estudio retrospectivo de cohortes utilizando la información correspondiente a todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de artritis reumatoide que acudieron a centros especializados de atención de salud de las ciudades de Bogotá, Cali, Manizales, Medellín y Pereira entre el 1 de diciembre del 2009 y el 30 de agosto del 2013. Los casos de RAM se obtuvieron de las historias clínicas y del registro del sistema de farmacovigilancia, y se clasificaron por su frecuencia y el tejido afectado, según la Terminología de Reacciones Adversas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud ­ (WHO-ART). Se obtuvo un total de 949 informes de RAM en 419 pacientes (32,8 RAM por 100 pacientes-año); estos pacientes correspondían a una cohorte de 1 364 pacientes tratados por artritis reumatoide y seguidos durante un promedio de 23,8 meses (± 12,9). La cohorte estaba compuesta principalmente por mujeres (366, 87,4%) y la media de edad era de 52,7 años (± 13,1). El mayor número de casos de RAM se notificó tras el uso de tocilizumab, rituximab e infliximab (28,8, 23,1 y 13,3 notificaciones por 100 pacientes-año, respectivamente). Las RAM notificadas con mayor frecuencia fueron la elevación de los niveles de transaminasas y la dispepsia. En términos generales, 87,7% de las RAM se clasificaron como de tipo A, 36,6% como leves, 40,7% como moderadas y 22,7% como graves. Como consecuencia, 73,2% de los pacientes que presentaron una RAM dejaron de tomar sus medicamentos. La aparición de RAM en pacientes tratados por artritis reumatoide es frecuente, especialmente cuando se utilizan fármacos antirreumáticos de producción biotecnológica. Estos resultados deben ser objeto de estudio en futuras investigaciones y señalan la necesidad de actividades de vigilancia para reducir los riesgos en estos pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Antirheumatic Agents/adverse effects , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use , Biological Products/adverse effects , Biological Products/therapeutic use , Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals/adverse effects , Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals/therapeutic use , Colombia/epidemiology , Drug Eruptions/epidemiology , Drug Eruptions/etiology , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/epidemiology , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/etiology , Follow-Up Studies , Gastrointestinal Diseases/chemically induced , Gastrointestinal Diseases/epidemiology , Hematologic Diseases/chemically induced , Hematologic Diseases/epidemiology , Pharmacovigilance , Retinal Diseases/chemically induced , Retinal Diseases/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies
9.
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ; : 80-83, 2012.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-40426

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Epidemiologic evaluation and investigating the causes of visual impairment in any society is a matter of concern and has a direct effect on the country's health care planning. In this study we describe causes of low vision and blindness in Iranian patients referred to rehabilitation clinics for taking vision aids. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, visual acuity was classified based on best-corrected visual acuity in the better eye according to the World Health Organization definition (blindness, visual acuity [VA] < 20 / 400; severe visual impairment, VA < 20 / 200-20 / 400; mild to moderate visual impairment, VA < 20 / 60-20 / 200). The causes of blindness and low vision were determined using the 10th version of International Classification of Diseases based on the main cause in both eyes. To describe data, we used mean +/- SD and frequency. RESULTS: The study included 432 patients, 65% male, with a mean age of 43.6 +/- 25.5 years (range, 3 to 92 years). Mild to moderate visual impairment, severe visual impairment and blindness were present in 122 (28.8%), 196 (46.4%) and 105 (24.8%) of the patients, respectively. The main causes of visual impairment were retinal and choroidal diseases (74.5%), optic nerve and optic tract diseases (9.8%), vitreous and globe disorders (5.3%), congenital cataract (3.1%), and glaucoma (2.6%). The distribution pattern of the causes was similar in all age subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Diseases of the retina and choroid are the main cause of visual impairment among patients referred to an academic visual rehabilitation clinic in Iran.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Audiovisual Aids , Blindness/epidemiology , Choroid Diseases/epidemiology , Iran/epidemiology , Optic Nerve Diseases/epidemiology , Referral and Consultation/statistics & numerical data , Rehabilitation Centers/statistics & numerical data , Retinal Diseases/epidemiology , Vision, Low/epidemiology
10.
Mediciego ; 17(1)mar. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-616694

ABSTRACT

Motivados por la apertura de la consulta de retina en el servicio de oftalmología, se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo para describir la morbilidad oftalmológica en la consulta de retina del servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital Provincial Docente Dr Antonio Luaces Iraola de Ciego de Ávila, en el periodo comprendido de mayo a agosto del año 2008. El universo estuvo constituido por 253 pacientes atendidos en la consulta; la muestra fue de 223 pacientes con diagnóstico de patología retiniana. El grupo de edad predominante en la serie fue de 55-65 años, el sexo femenino fue el que aportó mayor número de pacientes. Las maculopatías fueron presentadas en 81 pacientes; se atendieron 90 diabéticos, 76 de ellos con diabetes mellitus tipo II para un 84.4 por ciento. La retinopatía diabética fue la segunda entidad más diagnosticada en consulta atendiendo a la clasificación del estudio del tratamiento temprano de la retinopatía diabética. Se diagnosticaron 38 pacientes con retinopatía diabética no proliferativa para un 42.22 por ciento.


Motivated by the opening of retina consultation in the ophthalmology service, it performed a retrospective observational study to describe eye disease in the retina consultation service of Ophthalmology from General Hospital Dr Antonio Luaces Iraola of Ciego de Avila province, between May and August 2008. The universe consisted of 253 patients seen in consultation. The sample consisted of 223 patients with retinal disease. The predominant age group in the series was 55-65 years, female sex was the one that provided a higher number of patients. Maculopathies were presented in 81 patients; 90 diabetic patients were treated, there are 76 with diabetes mellitus type II (84.4 percent). Diabetic retinopathy was the second most commonly diagnosed entity in consultation and based on the classification of the study of early diabetic retinopathy treatment were diagnosed 38 patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (42.22 percent).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Retinal Diseases/epidemiology , Diabetic Retinopathy/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Observational Studies as Topic
11.
Sudan Medical Journal. 2010; 46 (2): 79-84
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-118036

ABSTRACT

This study was designed to determine the prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy amongst hypertensives presenting to the medical outpatient department of Federal Medical Centre,Owo,Ondo State,Nigeria. The study was conducted between September 2007 and January 2008.One hundred consenting hypertensives were interviewed by the authors using a semi-structured questionnaire. All the respondents had fundoscopy by a direct ophthalmoscope to establish the presence of hypertensive retinopathy. The data obtained was collated and analyzed with SPSS 12.0.1 statistical soft ware version. Few respondents [11%] had hypertensive retinopathy of varying degrees, 6% had grade 3 hypertensive retinopathy, 4% had grade 1 hypertensive retinopathy and 1% had grade 4 hypertensive retinopathy. Fifty-five percent of the respondents had good blood pressure control, 35% had fair blood pressure control and 10% had poor blood pressure control. Hypertensive retinopathy occurred in only 11% of patients and more than half of them were of grade 3. Blood pressure control affected the prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy, however, the differences amongst the different groups were not satistically significant. There is need to ensure that hypertensives have regular ocular examination. Physicians should ensure optimal blood pressure control in hypertensive patients so as to prevent target organ damage


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Blood Pressure , Hypertension/complications , Retinal Diseases/epidemiology , Hypertensive Retinopathy/prevention & control , Surveys and Questionnaires , Data Collection
12.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 72(3): 313-320, May-June 2009. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-521464

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar diferentes métodos diagnósticos para a avaliação de pacientes portadores de lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, usuários crônicos do difosfato de cloroquina (DFC) e, portanto, com alto risco para retinopatia tóxica. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 72 olhos de 36 pacientes consecutivos, seguidos no Serviço de Reumatologia do Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, de julho de 2007 a abril de 2008. Dados demográficos e clínicos foram avaliados com o intuito de estudar os fatores de alto risco e comparar os seguintes métodos oftalmológicos: acuidade visual, biomicroscopia da córnea, biomicroscopia do fundo, retinografia, angiofluoresceinografia da retina, campo visual macular com mira branca. RESULTADOS: Dos 36 pacientes, 34 (94,4 por cento) eram mulheres. A média de idade foi 39,9 ± 9,8 anos, com tempo de doença igual a 13,9 ± 6,6 anos. Além do uso crônico da cloroquina, os pacientes apresentaram altas doses diárias (>3 mg/kg) e cumulativas. Não foi observada relação entre estes fatores de alto risco e maior prevalência de retinopatia. Foi encontrada prevalência de retinopatia igual a 38,9 por cento, confirmada por alterações bilaterais, centrais ou paracentrais e reprodutíveis no exame de campo visual. Outros exames indicados para seguimento, como acuidade visual, biomicroscopia de fundo e angiofluoresceinografia não foram capazes de diagnosticar a maioria das alterações confirmadas pelo campo visual. CONCLUSÃO: Foi observada alta prevalência de retinopatia por cloroquina entre os pacientes com alto risco, usuários crônicos do DFC, segundo os achados do campo visual. A avaliação desses pacientes deve considerar a realização do exame de campo visual em intervalos menores que os propostos, mesmo quando não há suspeita clínica.


PURPOSE: To evaluate different diagnostic methods for high risk chloroquine retinopathy due to prolonged use of chloroquine (more than 5 years) by systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Methods: Seventy-two eyes of 36 consecutive patients, followed in the Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, were analyzed from July 2007 to April 2008. Demographic and clinical data were evaluated in order to study risk factors and to compare the following different ophthalmological methods: visual acuity, biomicroscopy, fundus examination, retinography, fluorescein angiogram, visual field test and, color vision tests. RESULTS: From 36 patients, 34 (94.4 percent) were female. The mean age was 39.9 ± 9.8 years and the disease duration was 13.9 ± 6.6 years. Besides chronic use of chloroquine, patients also showed high daily and cumulative doses. These high risk factors were not related to a higher retinopathy prevalence. Visual field showed 38.9 percent of retinopathy prevalence. Other ophthalmological methods failed in detecting most cases. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of retinopathy in high risk patients was observed by visual field test, but other ophthalmological methods failed in detecting alterations. Ophthalmological assessment of these patients should include visual field, even in the absence of clinical alterations.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antimalarials/adverse effects , Chloroquine/analogs & derivatives , Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological/standards , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy , Retinal Diseases/chemically induced , Antimalarials/administration & dosage , Body Weight/physiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Chloroquine/administration & dosage , Chloroquine/adverse effects , Cornea/drug effects , Cornea/pathology , Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological/classification , Fluorescein Angiography , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Retina/drug effects , Retina/pathology , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Retinal Diseases/epidemiology , Time Factors , Visual Fields/drug effects , Young Adult
13.
Rev. AMRIGS ; 51(3): 206-208, jul.-set. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-685150

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Arregimentar os casos com diagnóstico de retinopatia por radiação atendidos nos últimos 5 anos, avaliando as manifestações mais incidentes, tempo de aparecimento, conseqüências funcionais e manejo. Material e métodos: Pacientes com retinopatia ou neuropatia associada à teleterapia, atendidos entre 2000 e 2005, com prontuários completos foram incluídos, descartando-se aqueles com diabetes melito, pós-braquiterapia, cirurgia ou fotocoagulação prévias, cirurgia orbitária, trauma craniano. Resultados: Média de idade de 48 anos, detectados num período médio de 22 meses pós-radiação. A acuidade visual final média foi de 20/60, e os sinais mais comuns foram a neovascularização iriana, papilar e retiniana, telangiectasias, exsudatos duros e algodonosos. Conclusão: Lesões secundárias à radiação apresentam-se a longo prazo, quando sintomáticas, estão associadas a perdas visuais importantes e permanentes


Purpose: Evaluated all cases of radiation ocular toxicity examined in our service inthe last 5 years, to estimate the clinical signs and functional outcome. Material and methods: Patients with ocular disease associated to the external radiation and not associated with diabetes mellitus, previous surgery or photocoagulation, orbital surgery, head trauma, or episcleral plaques were included. Results: There were 7 patients included, with average age of 48 years, and final visual acuity of 20/60. The clinical signs were recognized after a meantime of 22 months. Discussion: The retinopathy and neuropathy presents after a long time after external radiation, without rescue of visual function


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Radiation Injuries/epidemiology , Retinal Diseases/epidemiology , Radiation Injuries/physiopathology , Radiation Injuries/therapy , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Retinal Diseases/physiopathology , Retinal Diseases/therapy , Nose Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Eye Manifestations , Nasal Cavity
14.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-46276

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the disease pattern of 400 patients attending Nepal Eye Hospital for strategic planning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective hospital based analysis of 400 cases visiting Retina Clinic of Nepal Eye Hospital (NEH) over a period of one year was carried out in order to know the disease pattern for planning purpose. RESULTS: Males slightly outnumbered females (58% versus 42%). The diseases were more common in age group 50 to 59 years. Diabetes mellitus with or without retinopathy was the commonest cause (20.25 %) for attendance in retina clinic followed by hypertensive retinopathy and venous occlusive disorders.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nepal/epidemiology , Retinal Diseases/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Sex Distribution
15.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 65(4): 487-493, jul.-ago. 2002. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-315456

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo faz uma revisão do tema retinopatia hipertensiva. Para tanto propôs-se uma breve revisão dos dados históricos da retinopatia hipertensiva. Este estudo relata as alterações clássicas da retinopatia hipertensiva e suas classificações, bem como os achados mais recentes associados à hipertensão arterial sistêmïca, os prováveis mecanismos fisiopatológicos e as alterações histológicas associadas à retinopatia hipertensiva. Abordamos, ainda, os diversos métodos utilizados para a investigação, suas vantagens e desvantagens; uma visão crítica da interpretação dos sinais do envolvimento do bulbo ocular pela hipertensão arterial sistêmica; ainda, baseado na diversidade das metodologias de investigação da retinopatia, comenta-se a repercussão desta, na prevalência da retinopatia hipertensiva e suas implicações, como órgão-alvo da hipertensão arterial sistêmica, em um contexto atualizado da síndrome metabólica e de outros, fatores associados à fisiopatologia da HAS, como a leptina e a endotelina.


Subject(s)
Ocular Hypertension , Retinal Diseases , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Retinal Diseases/epidemiology , Retinal Diseases/physiopathology , Ocular Hypertension/diagnosis , Ocular Hypertension/epidemiology , Ocular Hypertension/physiopathology
16.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 65(2): 207-211, mar.-abr. 2002. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-308656

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de retinopatia hipertensiva (RH) em pacientes hipertensos (controlados e näo controlados) e normotensos na populaçäo acima dos 40 anos do município de Piraquara. Correlacionar os casos de alteraçäo retiniana com o sexo, a raça e a idade do paciente. Métodos: Durante 1998 e 2000, foram examinados no Projeto Glaucoma da Universidade Federal do Paraná 1.954 pacientes. Destes, excluíram-se aqueles abaixo de 40 anos e os diabéticos, sendo que a populaçäo considerada para este estudo foi de 1.741 pacientes. O protocolo do projeto consiste de anamnese direcionada, aferiçäo da pressäo arterial (PA), glicemiaportiras reativas, PIO e fundoscopia direta e indireta. As alteraçöes fundoscópicas pertinentes a retinopatia hipertensiva foram estudadas segundo a classificaçäo de Gans e correlacionadas conforme mencionado anteriormente. Resultados: Dos 1.741 pacientes analisados, 669 (38,43 por cento) säo hipertensos, 645 (37,05 por cento) normotensos e 427 (24,53 por cento) suspeitos de hipertensäo arterial sistêmica (HAS). Foram encontrados 211 (12,12 por cento) pacientes com sinais de RH, sendo 136 (64,46 por cento) do sexo feminino e 75 (35,54 por cento) do sexo masculino; 134 (63,98 por cento) de 40 a 60 anos e 77 (36,02 por cento) com idade superior a 60 anos; predominando as raças branca (75,83 por cento) e negra (11,37 por cento). Do total de pacientes com RH, 154 (73 por cento) eram hipertensos, 17 (2,64 por cento) normotensos e 40 (9,37 por cento) suspeitos de HAS. Dentre os hipertensos com PA controlada, 12,2 por cento apresentavam sinais de retinopatia. Já dentre os hipertensos com PA näo controlada, 25,3 por cento apresentavam sinais da patologia. Conclusäo: A prevalência de RH foi maior nos hipertensos comparativamente aos normotensos e suspeitos de HAS (p<0,001, OR=5,32). Os pacientes negros (p<0,05 e OR= 1,67), os hipertensos com PA näo controlada (p<0,01, OR=2,44) e os acima de 60 anos (p<0,001, ORTl,85) apresentaram maiores chances de desenvolverem RH.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Retinal Diseases/epidemiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Brazil , Ophthalmoscopy , Arterial Pressure/physiology , Prospective Studies
18.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 58(3): 152-7, jun. 1995. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-260609

ABSTRACT

Em 152 crianças com Síndrome de Down, submetidas à avaliação oftalmológica, foram encontradas, por ordem decrescente de freqüência: fenda palpebral oblíqua (82 por cento), epicanto (61 por cento), astigmatismo (60 por cento), alterações na íris (52 por cento), estrabismo (38 por cento), alterações nas vias lacrimais (30 por cento), blefarite (30 por cento), alterações na retina (28 por cento), hipermetropia (26 por cento), ambliopia (26 por cento), nistagmo (18 por cento) catarata (13 por cento) e miopia (13 por cento). Os pacientes com menos de 5 anos de idade apresentaram maior freqüência de hipermetropia; astigmatismo, anomalias de íris e estrabismo ocorreram mais frequentemente em crianças com 5 anos ou mais, enquanto nos maiores 12 anos, a prevalência maior foi de catarata. A avaliação do olhar preferencial foi o método mais utilizado para a tomada da acuidade visual. As alterações na íris ocorreram com maior freqüência nos portadores de cardiopatia congênita. O reconhecimento precoce das alterações oculares nos portadores da Síndrome de Down, a correção das ametropias, bem como a prevenção e o tratamento da ambliopia, contribuem sobremaneira para diminuir as várias dificuldades que essas crianças apresentam em sua integração social.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Eye Diseases/epidemiology , Down Syndrome/physiopathology , Iris Diseases/epidemiology , Retinal Diseases/epidemiology , Heart Diseases , Strabismus/epidemiology , Visual Acuity
19.
Arch. chil. oftalmol ; 48(2): 46-9, 1991. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-130691

ABSTRACT

Se realiza un estudio de distribución de morbilidad en el Departamento de Retina del Servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital del Salvador, período 1990. Se revisan 344 fichas clínicas correspondientes a una muestra aleatoria sistémica que constituye el 8,3 por ciento del total de atenciones. Las patologías más prevalentes fueron retinopatía diabética (33,48 por ciento ), desprendimiento de retina (23,15 por ciento ), lesiones predisponibles de DR (8,31 por ciento ), trombosis venosa (7,64 por ciento ), maculopatías no diabéticas (5,84 por ciento ) y coriorretinopatías (4,94 por ciento ). La retinopatía del prematuro ocupa el 33 por ciento entre pacientes de 0 a 9 años. Casi el 30 por ciento de los pacientes consultó al especialista en retina con agudeza visual menor a 0.1. El 59,01 por ciento (n=203) de los pacientes fueron mujeres y 74,98 por ciento (n=258) del total de consultantes se distribuían en los grupos de edad entre 40 y 79 años. Se enfatiza que la distribución de morbilidad oftalmológica general y se sugiere la necesidad de actividades preventivas, pesquisa precoz y derivación oportuna de la patología retinal


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Morbidity , Retinal Diseases/epidemiology , Chorioretinitis/epidemiology , Retinal Detachment/epidemiology , Diabetic Retinopathy/epidemiology
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